Discovering Complex Relationships between Drugs and Diseases

Finding the complex semantic relations between existing drugs and new diseases will help in the drug development in a new way. Most of the drugs which have found new uses have been discovered due to serendipity. Hence, the prediction of the uses of drugs for more than one disease should be done in a systematic way by studying the semantic relations between the drugs and diseases and also the other entities involved in the relations. Hence, in order to study the complex semantic relations between drugs and diseases an application was developed that integrates the heterogeneous data in different formats from different public databases which are available online. A high level ontology was also developed to integrate the data and only the fields required for the current study were used. The data was collected from different data sources such as DrugBank, UniProt/SwissProt, GeneCards and OMIM. Most of these data sources are the standard data sources and have been used by National Committee of Biotechnology Information of Nation Institute of Health. The data was parsed and integrated and complex semantic relations were discovered. This is a simple and novel effort which may find uses in development of new drug targets and polypharmacology

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF YASHTAYADI LEPA IN VIDALAKA KARMA

Lepa is considered as an important and initial Chikitsa in reference with Vranashotha chikitsa described by Acharya Sushruta and when the Lepa is applied around the outer surface of eyes it is termed as Vidalaka. Vidalaka a type of Kriyakalpa therapy which is mainly indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of eyes such as Daha (burning sensation), Updeha (discharge), Ashru (watering) Shopha (swelling) and Raga (redness). Different formulations are given in classic texts for eye diseases and one among them is Yashtayadi lepa mentioned by Acharya Sharangadhara in Sharangadhara Samhita. It is described as Sarvanetrarujahara Yoga and consists Yastimadhu, Gairika, Saindhav, Daruharidra and Rasanjana as its main ingredients. Yashtyadi lepa was prepared as per the guidelines given for Lepa in API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India) and analyzed using various standard physico-chemical parameters given for Lepa such as Loss on drying, Ash value, Water extract value, Alcohol extract value and pH. There is no standard guidelines is given for pharmaceutical analysis for Yastyadi Lepa in API. With this background the present study was undertaken to find pharmacognostical and physicochemical qualities of Lepa as recommended in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and to use them as reference for future studies on Yashtyadi Lepa for different ocular diseases

Placental abruption at 18 weeks of gestation: a rare case report

Placental abruption is one of several notable obstetrical entities that may be complicated by massive and sometimes torrential hemorrhage. Hypovolemic shock is caused by maternal blood loss. Delayed or incomplete treatment of hypovolemia with severe placental abruption can cause acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Placental abruption is most commonly seen after 24 weeks of pregnancy and it is very rare before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Here, we report a case of life-threatening placental abruption at 18 weeks of gestation.

Socio-economic impacts of Sorang hydroelectric power project in District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Electricity is one of the key determinants for economic growth of a nation.  Over the past decade or so, hydropower projects (HEP) around the world have attracted much attention concerning the environmental and social impacts that have arisen from such developments. Construction and operations of dams have always been associated with changes in the physical and biological environment. No doubt electricity generation is the need of the hours for development, but the large projects do involve the submersion of forests and the displacement of people. Socio-economic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental transformations are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. The interests of local must be listened to and taken care of during the planning and the policy makers must adopt a model or strategies so that the impacts and effects of such type developmental activities can be minimized and local people who are living in the vicinity as well as who have sacrificed their belongings. To maximize the positive impacts and mitigate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts sustainability of water resources projects is required.  This paper refers the perception of the public with regards to the impact of the Sorang HEP and other development activities and need for sustainable development to maintain balance with the environment of hilly and fragile area. Keywords: Hydropower Projects (HEP), Socio-economic, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Sustainability

Life Stories From Kathmandu’s Adult Entertainment Sector: Told and Analysed by Children and Young People

Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children and young people involved in the worst forms of child labour in Kathmandu to share and analyse their life stories. Four hundred life stories were collected and then analysed by children and young people engaged in and affected by the worst forms of child labour, including those who had previously been life storytellers and/or life story collectors. The data was collectively analysed using causal mapping, resulting in children’s life stories becoming the evidence base for revealing the macro-level system dynamics that drive the worst forms of child labour. This paper is a record of the children and young people’s analysis of the life stories and the key themes they identified, which formed the basis of a series of eight child-led Participatory Action Research groups based in Kathmandu

Association of dry eye syndrome with oral Isotretinoin therapy for severe nodulocystic acne and recalcitrant acne vulgaris

Introductions: Oral Isotretinoin was registered in Nepal almost three decades later its first introduction in the USA. It remains the most clinically effective medication for acne. Dry eye syndrome is a ‘certain’ adverse effect of oral Isotretinoin therapy which can be validated by tear film break up time and Schirmer I tests. Methods: Fifty patients aged above 12 years presenting to Dermatology outpatient department of Dhulikhel Hospital with severe nodulocystic acne or recalcitrant acne vulgaris not responding to three months of systemic antibiotics along with topical agents were included. Tear film break up time and Schirmer I tests before, at 45 and 90 days, and one month after taking oral Isotretinoin were performed to study association of dry eye syndrome due to oral Isotretinoin. Results: Both eyes of fifty selected patients were sampled. Baseline mean tear film break up time of 12.37±4.17sec decreased to 9.69±3.70sec, 9.09±3.77sec and 10.67±3.50sec at 45 and 90 days and on follow up, respectively. Likewise, baseline mean Schirmer I value of 16.68 ± 8.73mm decreased to 12.26 ±7.64mm, 11.49 ± 8.07mm and 11.76 ± 8.11mm respectively at 45 and 90 days and on fo

Recent Developments on I and II Series Transition Elements Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles and its Applications For Water Remediation Process: A Review

The presence of various hazardous toxins such as Phenols, phthalates, pesticides, dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceutical waste, etc, is continuously increasing into the water bodies from different agricultural, industrial and domestic practices, which have brought the toxicity level to an alarming height. Often, these toxic compounds are quite stable in nature and the removal or degradation of these compounds is quite challenging, which further poses a significant threat to the environment. When it comes to enhance the efficiency of water purification and decontamination process, SnO2 nanoparticles offer great potential owing to their low concentration and large surface area. Over the past few years, SnO2 nanoparticles as a photocatalyst has garnered huge interest from the researcher community towards the photo-degradation of toxic pollutants present in the water bodies. Among various metal oxides, particularly SnO2 has been emerged as the most versatile material for doping of different transition metals due to its plethora of applications such as photocatalysis, energy harnessing, sensors, solar cells and optoelectronic devices. The pure and doped SnO2 has prominent significance due to its phenomenal catalytic and physicochemical properties such as chemically stable, inexpensive and non-toxic. This review explores and summarizes the progress of first and second transition metal series doping in SnO2 for its coherent application towards the degradation of water pollutants. We have emphasized the effect of different transition metal dopants used in the growth of SnO2 nanoparticles on the basis of their synthesis technique, source of irradiation used, nature of contaminations removed and obtained photodegradation efficiency

Influence of heat treatment on the properties of tin oxide nanoparticles: A potential material for environmental remediation applications

Metal oxides have gained a growing interest in the field of material science owing to their size and shape dependent physiochemical properties. Tin oxide (SnO2) is considered as a multifaceted material with its widespread applications such as oxidation catalysis, energy harvesting, bio-imaging, gas sensing, storage devices and many more. This study reports the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles derived via sol-gel route.  To observe the effect of thermal treatment on the grown material, the samples were subjected to calcination at different temperature ranging from 350 °C to 550 °Cfor about 4 hrs. The structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties of Tin oxide were studied by XRD, EDAX, FESEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis respectively. The XRD pattern consists only SnO2 peaks with preferred orientation along (110) plane. The crystallite size increases with higher calcination temperature and is found in the range of 3-15 nm. All the peaks corresponding to SnO2 matches with the standard data indicating the growth of good quality single phase material. Compositional data reveals that that grown material manifested in required stoichiometric ratio of SnO. Scanning electron micrographs show uniform growth of SnO2 nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 10-20 nm. The energy band gap of the SnO2 calculated by optical studies was 3.1eV and 3.0 eV for 450 °Cand 550 °Crespectively. The calculated band gap lies in the visible region of the solar spectrum which could be beneficial for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the SnO2 nanoparticles

Using LSTM for the Prediction of Disruption in ADITYA Tokamak

Major disruptions in tokamak pose a serious threat to the vessel and its surrounding pieces of equipment. The ability of the systems to detect any behavior that can lead to disruption can help in alerting the system beforehand and prevent its harmful effects. Many machine learning techniques have already been in use at large tokamaks like JET and ASDEX, but are not suitable for ADITYA, which is comparatively small. Through this work, we discuss a new real-time approach to predict the time of disruption in ADITYA tokamak and validate the results on an experimental dataset. The system uses selected diagnostics from the tokamak and after some pre-processing steps, sends them to a time-sequence Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The model can make the predictions 12 ms in advance at less computation cost that is quick enough to be deployed in real-time applications.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

A study to assess prevalence of obesity among government employees of medical college in Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Obesity has become a major chronic disorder affecting the larger population more than any other disease in the world. Objective was to determine the prevalence of obesity among the government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior.Methods: The present study has been undertaken among government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior in which all the employees were interviewed by a predesigned, pre-tested and pre-validated structured Questionnaire. Anthropometric data regarding weight and height was taken. The data was collected and analyzed using statistical software and chi square and other statistical tests were applied.Results: The study shows that among total 215 employees. 35 (21.21%) males and 21 (42%) females were found overweight and obese with the criteria of BMI more than 25 kg/m2.Conclusions: It was concluded from the present study that obesity is a chronic illness. Early detection and appropriate intervention could prevent various complications associated with it. BMI plays a crucial role